Financing Faecal Sludge and Septage Management services in the state of Maharashtra

This sector of research was intended to explore potential sources of financing capital and operating expenditure for faecal sludge and septage management (FSSM) in urban India. A landscape study was conducted for various sources of finance for FSSM in the focus states of Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. Subsequently, feasible business models were developed for FSSM. The emphasis on these frameworks was to capture different financing sources and to ensure that adequate funding is available for both capital and O&M expenditures.